澳洲大学申请文书写作方法-金纳米粒子的化学特性
金纳米粒子在光学、电子和分子等方面的独特性能使其成为研究的热点。它在电子、纳米技术、电子显微镜和材料科学等不同领域有着广泛的应用(Louis & Pluchery, 2012)。金纳米粒子的尺寸从5纳米到400纳米不等。Sau和Murphy(2005)注意到，有各种形状的金纳米粒子，如棒、立方体、线和棱镜，每一种都可以通过对生长步骤的谨慎控制来生长。棒状和球形纳米颗粒的长度和宽度分别为40×14 nm和74×14 nm，直径分别为14、30、50、74和100 nm (Brown, 2013)。
图:不同尺寸的金纳米颗粒(Brown, 2013)
金纳米粒子的一般性质
从直径1纳米到100纳米，金纳米粒子可以被合成成更多的尺寸。它的形状范围从1:1到1:5的纵横比。它们可以通过紫外-可见分光光度法、透射电镜(TEM)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)进行表征(Brown, 2013)。它们被用于靶向药物传递、细胞成像、治疗应用和癌症诊断。它们能以令人难以置信的效率吸收和散射光线。这些纳米粒子以各种各样的颜色存在，从红色、黑色和蓝色开始，也有无色的形式。金纳米粒子的颜色取决于形状、大小、聚集状态和局部折射率(Dykman & Khlebtsov 2011)。
澳洲大学申请文书写作方法-金纳米粒子的化学特性
Chemical characteristics of gold nanoparticles
The unique property of gold nanoparticles in terms of optical, electronic and molecular properties has made it a subject of research. It has a wider application in different areas like electronics, nanotechnology, and electron microscopy and material science (Louis & Pluchery, 2012). Gold nanoparticles have size ranging from 5nm to 400 nm. Sau and Murphy (2005) noticed that there are various shapes of gold nanoparticles like rods, cubes, wires and prisms each of which can be grown through cautious control over the growth step. rod-shaped and Spherical nanoparticles of length by width of 40 × 14 nm and 74 × 14 nm respectively and diameters of 14, 30, 50, 74, and 100 nm are available (Brown, 2013).
Figure: Different size of gold nano particles (Brown, 2013)
General properties of gold nanoparticles
Gold nanoparticles can synthesized at larger number of sizes starting from 1nm of diameter till 100nm of diameter. And its shape ranges from 1:1 to 1:5 aspect ratios. They can be easily characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, “Transmission Electron Microscopy” (TEM) and by “Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy” (ICP-AES) (Brown, 2013). They are used in targeted drug delivery, cell imaging, therapeutic application and cancer diagnostics. They can absorb and scatter light with unbelievable effectiveness. These nanoparticles exist in a wide variety of colours starting from reds, black, and blues also in colourless forms. The colours of gold nanparticles depend upon the shape, size, aggregation state, and local refractive index (Dykman & Khlebtsov 2011).