代写论文：SST技术
由罗宾·威廉姆斯(Robin A Williams)和大卫·Edge(David Edge)定义的技术社会塑造(SST)，是一个与系统和个人的人工制品和技术创新的设计有关的概念。SST在1980年作为一个技术模型出现，在有影响力的MacKenzie和Wajcman的集合中(MacKenzie & Wajcman,1999)。与此同时，由Callon和Latour建立的其他框架，如技术的社会构建，以及由Callon和Latour建立的网络理论。在所有这些模型中，批评的共同特征是技术决定论和线性创新模式。从这些模型中明显地看到，它侧重于社会力量在发展技术和塑造创新选择方面的作用。SST对技术决定论的批判，声称技术不受人类选择的影响;相反，它有自己的发展道路，影响着社会(MacKenzie & Wajcman,1999)。因此，SST通过探索不同的技术选择及其物质后果来建立技术与社会的相互关系。
代写论文：SST技术
Social shaping of technology (SST) as defined by Robin A Williams and David Edge is a concept full of choices related to the system and designs of individual artefacts and technological innovation. SST emerged as a technological model in 1980, in the influential collection of MacKenzie and Wajcman (MacKenzie & Wajcman, 1999). Along with this, other frameworks like social construction of technology by Pinch and Bijker and actor-network theory by Callon and Latour came into practice. The common feature of criticism in all these models was technological determinism and linear model of innovation. SST from these models significantly as it focuses on role of social forces in developing technology and shaping innovation choices. SST is critical with respect to technological determinism which alleges that technology is not influenced by human choices; instead it has its own path towards development which influences the society (MacKenzie & Wajcman, 1999). Therefore, SST is based on the finding a mutual relationship between shaping of technology and society by exploring divergent technical choices and their material consequences.